Sources of Error in Pharmaceutical Plants

Sources of Error in Pharmaceutical PlantsSources of error in the maintenance of pharmaceutical plants is basically the main cause for the malfunctioning of the devices and equipments. These problems are mainly caused by the software and systems for the management and execution of processes at all levels in a pharmaceutical plant.These problems can also result in loss of money, time and effort due to breakdowns and interruptions at times of lack of resources and time to handle issues. The major sources of error are the biological contamination and biological quality. Chemical contamination is largely the major causes of error when it comes to chemical process for the production of chemical substances.If we compare the cost of maintenance of pharmaceutical plants and the time of time that it takes to provide medical devices to the patients, the results are really staggering. Maintenance costs of the devices can range from two to five times more than the cost of production. Similarly, t he time taken to handle the technical solutions can run up to ten times more than the value of the device produced during the course of its usage.All these reasons can be attributed to different sources of error. The productivity of the workers can be reduced through this kind of errors in the source. A low percentage of dead cells can also be regarded as a source of error in the chemical process. It can have an adverse effect on the function of the device.A natural component of the working of the devices might fail to kill bacteria that can enter into the device due to its poor drainage. Several other sources of error can include radiation, chemicals, moisture, and water leakage. If we take the potential damage to the DNA of the person that gets injected or exposed to the drugs during the treatment, the long term effects can be much worse.The system failure can be controlled and thus it can be treated as a controllable source of error. It has been found that the wrong management of error can also lead to breakdown of the device that produces the drugs.It is advisable to control the errors while manufacturing the drugs to avoid the problem of manufacture being a source of error. It should be ensured that the errors will be properly identified and rectified.Sources of error in the operations of pharmaceutical plants can be mainly classified into biological, chemical and mechanical errors. If the combination of biological and chemical errors is not controlled properly, the danger of a total breakdown of the production process is very high.

Getting Started with Pottery Lessons

Getting Started with Pottery Lessons What Do You Need to Start Pottery Lessons? ChaptersConsider Your ApparelTemper Your ExpectationsWhat to Expect from Pottery ClassesLet us flash for a moment on the first day of school. It doesn’t matter if the school in question is a primary school, a secondary or if you’re starting on the path to your Bachelor of Fine Arts...Inevitably, there will be a run on school supplies, shopping for new clothes and perhaps even a little treat to make resuming studies more palatable. A nice lunch and maybe a new haircut?Would you need to make such purchases before starting lessons in the ceramic arts?Should you clutter your home with clays and pottery wheels? Maybe build a kiln in your back yard? Perhaps even make a bid for a slab roller or that extruder you found for sale on Gumtree?All of those would be good purchases if you were setting up your own ceramic studio but if you’re proposing to learn about ceramic art, you probably don’t need to go quite that far.In fact, learning how to make beautiful terracotta figurines or func tional yet decorative earthenware really does not call for you to invest a lot of money, at least at the outset.Once you get really good at creating art ceramics, then you might consider setting up an art studio!This article deals with what you might need to get started with pottery-making and we can’t wait to amaze you with how little you need to purchase before your first lesson.That being said, why don’t we just get on with it? CalumDrama School Entrance Teacher 5.00 (15) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OliviaSchool support Teacher 5.00 (2) £21/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkESOL (English) Teacher 4.76 (17) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YuweiChinese Teacher 4.33 (6) £19/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JenniferMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouiseAutoCAD Teacher 5.00 (3) £60/h1st lesson free!Disc over all our tutors RickyPercussion Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolasGuitar Teacher 5.00 (2) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamOrganic chemistry Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JonathanEconomics Teacher 5.00 (9) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Oluwakemi imoleMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamSinging Teacher 5.00 (14) £48/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ValentiniMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (2) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MilenaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RashmiEconomics Teacher 5.00 (1) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsConsider Your Apparel Nobody could every claim that working with terra cotta was an exercise in neatness! Image by ENRIC SAGARRA from PixabayNobody has ever claimed that creating ceramic products is a tidy affair.Ceramics used in science and engineering applications do require an element of cleanliness to prevent contamination of the end product or, in the case of ceramic tile production, to prevent them becoming too brittle.Ceramic artists need not be quite so fastidious.In fact, they would be the first to tell you that theirs is a messy business that involves gooey earthen materials, water and a fair amount of grit. Going to class dressed to impress is obviously not a good idea.Suggestion #1: wear something you won’t mind getting dirty.If you are taking a ceramics class at an arts center, most likely you will be provided with an apron but there’s nothing wrong with you bringing one of your own; in fact, you might be instructed to do so.You may also be warned to wear something loose-fitting and comfo rtable... but not too loose â€" no flyaway sleeves, scarves, ties or anything that could get caught up in any of the equipment.On the flip side of that coin, you don’t want to wear anything too confining, either.Working with clay involves long periods of sitting with a pottery wheel between your knees. If your trousers are too tight to make extended sitting and leaning forward uncomfortable, you might want to reconsider your wardrobe choices.If you usually wear skirts, you should consider wearing one with enough flare to permit your knees being far apart.Suggestion #2: choose your clothing with an eye toward comfort.As for shoes, obviously, you would go with ‘sensible’. High heels would be out and, for safety reasons, it might not be acceptable to wear open-toed shoes.While an artist’s studio is not quite an industrial area, there are still industrial elements like kilns and heavy materials that, should your foot come in contact with them, might result in serious injury.In a similar vein, be cautious about jewellery. Especially in adult classes, participants are reminded that wearing rings is not a good idea: not only could a ring gouge your design but you might not ever get it clean again!You may take that idea further and leave off earrings, too, especially dangling ones and if you choose to wear a necklace, be sure that it stays tucked inside your top or doesn’t hang so low it gets mixed up in the clay you’re working.Finally: if you wear your hair long, you will most likely be instructed to tie it back, both for safety reasons and for convenience â€" you really don’t want a stray hair in your eye or mouth while your hands are full of clay!Suggestion #3: safety first! Don’t wear anything that might snag, impede or expose you to injury.Time to challenge your knowledge about ceramics history and modern uses! Even those not-so-perfect pieces have a purpose! Image by Oliver Huber from PixabayTemper Your ExpectationsLet’s suppose that you’ve decided on gifting everyone on your holiday list something made by your hand out of ceramic materials. What a thoughtful idea!Clay artists make it look so easy: a lump of clay on a potter’s wheel, a bit of water and the curving of hands; a bit of pressure â€" we don’t know how much and, voila! Stoneware is fired and ready for use.In truth, it’s not quite so easy to be that artist in residence.You have to know a bit about the ceramic materials you’re working with:Because of its toughness, common clay is usually used to make building materials â€" bricks, cement and aggregate (the base for concrete)China clay, also known as kaolin clay is used to make glossy paper (and for stomach remedies)Bentonite has many industrial uses and is also used in cat litterFuller’s Earth is also used in pet waste productsBall clay is a high-quality clay used fo r ceramics including floor tile, wall tiles and bathroom fixtures such as sinks and loos.Bear in mind that, even within these broad categories, there are infinite grades and qualities.Now delve deeper into what ceramics actually are...Most likely, you will be working with ball clay but even working with such quality material does not guarantee a good outcome of your first few tries.You will have to learn the right amount of pressure to exert and how fast to turn the wheel. You will need to know how much water you will need to use you will need to learn how to recognize that your piece is in imminent danger of collapse.You will have to keep from getting frustrated if, at first, you don’t succeed in creating the beautiful pieces you had envisioned.In fact, it would be best if you set your mind to learning one aspect of ceramic sculpture per lesson... meaning that your goal to gift everyone art pottery this Christmas is a little ambitious.However, nothing says that, if you have the t ime, money and inclination, you cannot take more than one class.For instance, you might consider looking for a workshop in wheel throwing that can help you master the basics of working clay on a pottery wheel. Or, if you’re more advanced, look for a masterclass to learn glazing.You can usually find such classes at your local art center; if you have an art institute in your city you may even check with them â€" sometimes they host open classes to address a particular skill.To learn more about pottery classes in general, you should read our companion article... Your pottery instructor will likely advise against wearing a lot of jewellery Image by PDPics from PixabayCheck for different online art courses here.What to Expect from Pottery ClassesUnless you have some extraordinary talent â€" you know instinctively how much pressure to put on the clay as it spins, how wet your hands need to be and an intuitive sculptural technique, you can expect a few setbacks and frustrations on your way to being the ceramic artist you always knew you were.Do you remember that scene from the movie, Ghost, when the vase Molly was making flopped over? It’s really not so unusual for a piece to flop, especially when you’re a beginner.That is why the best ceramic and glass teachers recommend approaching your artistic aspirations by first embracing the creative process.Focus on the materials and processes that go into making visual arts. Learn the various properties of that inorganic material you propose to work with, the various clay tools and what they’re us ed for.Realise how taxing creating clay art can be.You might be surprised to find that working with ceramic material is relaxing but physically challenging â€" from the amount of pressure you exert on the clay to maintaining a position for a long time.In fact, your instructor will most likely address your posture in the very first class.Ideally, your back would stay straight with your arms against your body and bent at the elbows to roughly 90 degrees. Any tools you might need should be close at hand.You might work on your posture at home if you’re called out on it.Once you get the basics of making pottery down in class, nothing says that you can’t practise clay sculpture at home. You might try your hand at coiling â€" an ancient technique that does not require a wheel.The wonderful thing about clay is that it is so forgiving! If you can’t quite get those vases right, you can try again... or turn it into a contemporary ceramics art piece. If you can’t quite get the grooves r ight on the bowl you’re making, you can ‘erase’ them and try again.Likewise, if your clay sculpture doesn't turn out exactly right, have another go at it.The important thing to remember is that learning how to make a beautiful piece takes time and work; so the most important thing you need to bring when you get started with pottery is patience!Now learn what supplies and equipment you should have on hand before you start your ceramic classes...

Studying in Spain

Studying in Spain The Guide to Studying in a Spanish-speaking Country ChaptersWhat Are the Administrative Steps to Studying in Spain?Heading to Spain Thanks to ErasmusWhich Spanish University Should You Choose?Some Essential Information for Studying in Spain“To travel is to discover that everyone is wrong about other countries.” - Aldous HuxleyAccording to the European Commission, 27% of Erasmus students met their current partner during their time abroad.Do you think you’ll find the one in Spain?Only time will tell. Before we get ahead of ourselves, you should find out more about choosing a university and embarking on an exchange programme.Fortunately for you, Superprof has put together this guide for your time at a Spanish university.If you want to study abroad in Spain as an undergraduate, postgraduate, an international student for an academic year, or on an intensive language and culture programme, here's how to go abroad, enrol on a programme, and improve your Spanish language skills. TadeoSpanish Teacher 5.00 (2) £20/h1st lesson free!Disco ver all our tutors AnnickSpanish Teacher 5.00 (6) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PeterSpanish Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LowriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (8) £90/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MartaSpanish Teacher 5.00 (6) £22/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SharonSpanish Teacher 5.00 (2) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors TanyaSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Jose manuelSpanish Teacher £14/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat Are the Administrative Steps to Studying in Spain?After your A Levels, you could study directly at a Spanish university. As it stands, members of the EU don’t need a visa to study in Spain and have a better choice when it comes to scholarships than those trying to get their education abroad and aren't from one of these countries.If you want to get an Erasmus grant, you'll need to be motivated. (Source: Free-Photos)That doesn’t mean there a ren’t procedures you need to follow. There are certain requirements for living in Spain:Enrollment in a Spanish university.Sufficient resourcesHealth insuranceStep 1: Get Your Credencial de AccesoTo enrol in a Spanish university, you’ll need to get your “credencial de acceso”. This is a confirmation of your A-Level results in the UK. You need to do this at the UNED and it costs €105.If you’ve already graduated from a UK university, you could continue via Erasmus+ by asking for the equivalent of your qualifications directly from the Spanish Ministry of Education.Step 2: Register with the Local AuthoritiesIf you’re staying for less than 3 months, you don’t need to do anything. Otherwise, you’ll need to register at the town hall or the police.A confirmation will be sent immediately, allowing you to stay in the country. You don’t need to renew this but it is a good idea to keep it on you at all times. You may be asked for it and not having it can be subject to a fine .Registration costs €11.Step 3: Get Your NIE (Foreigner Identification Number)Once you’ve got your confirmation, you can get your NIE which will allow you to open a bank account, get travel cards, phone contracts, internet, contract water or electricity, etc.Heading to Spain Thanks to ErasmusSpain is one of the most popular countries for students on Erasmus. The exchange programme allows anyone from the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Croatia, or Turkey, to study or do an internship in another country in the European Union.A lot of UK universities have partnerships with Spanish universities meaning that you're spoilt for choice when it comes to where you can study. (Source: 12019)For Erasmus+, there are more steps and you’ll probably need to spend at least a year putting your application together to ensure that you’ll be accepted.Step 1: Attend the Erasmus Meeting at Your UniversityWhen you get to university, you should find out about any Erasmus meetings you should be attending. If you're thinking “why study abroad?”, an advisor can help you find more about international education, spending a summer abroad, or getting international experience.It doesn't matter whether you study humanities or sciences, you can study your main subject while getting language courses alongside your studies and these language courses can give you academic credit towards your degree.There may be several to ensure that a student’s application is correct.Step 2: Head to the International OfficeIf there aren’t any meetings planned, you should head to the international office at your university.You should be able to find out about applying, partner universities, how many places are available, etc.  You’ll require several documents:A cover letter in English and sometimes in SpanishAn application for an Erasmus scholarshipA letter of recommendation from teachersA transcript of your resultsStep 3: Writing Your Cover LetterThe most important s tep is your cover letter.  Remember that the main goals of the Erasmus programme are to:Study in a universityParticipate in practical training to develop personal skills and linguistic skills in a Spanish businessKeep this in mind when you’re writing your cover letter. Your cover letter for Erasmus should follow the same structure as a cover letter for a job. It needs to be concise (1 page), including an introduction, your background, your arguments, and a conclusion.You may have several arguments and you might want to express your willingness to learn the Spanish language, to study in a different environment, find out more about the working world abroad, or to live in Spain. You may also want to mention that you want to gain practical skills to help your career prospects. Don’t hesitate to mention that you want to learn more about Spanish culture and the rest of the world.Step 4: Send the Documents and Scholarship RequestNow all you have to do is send your application off and w ait for the reply. Don’t hesitate to regularly check up on how it’s doing.Which Spanish University Should You Choose?For studying abroad, you need to choose whether or not you want to study at a university, engineering school, or art school.It's not always a holiday but you can enjoy a lot of the major aspects of Spanish life. (Source: MarciMarc105)Three of the top 500 universities are Spanish.  That said, popularity shouldn’t be your only criterion.Step 1: Choose the City in SpainBefore you choose your university in Spain, you should think about which Spanish city or town you’d like to live in. If you’re going to spend at least a semester somewhere, you should probably pick somewhere that you’ll enjoy going to. You might want somewhere close to the sea or a student town.  There are plenty of cities in Spain and there are a number of criteria to consider:The cost of accommodationThe quality of lifeCultural dynamismThe cost of livingThe quality of university infrastructur eThe most popular cities include Madrid, Seville, and Barcelona, while the most popular university is the University of Granada.Step 2: Choose Your UniversityTo choose your university, you can pick from popular universities or prestigious universities. The 10 Spanish universities found in the 2018 rankings for the top 500 universities in the world include:University of BarcelonaUniversidad Complutense - MadridUniversity Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaUniversity of GranadaAutonomous University of BarcelonaAutonomous University of MadridThe University of the Basque CountryPolytechnic University of ValenciaUniversity of SantiagoUniversity of ValenciaHowever, the better the university, the more competition there’ll be for places. Make sure your application is good and your grades are even better.Not all of these universities are among the most popular. University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, the University of the Basque Country, and the University of Santiago aren’t the most requested. On the oth er hand, the University of Seville and the University of Salamanca are.Step 3: Visit Your Future HomeThe best way to choose where you want to live and study is by going there to visit.  You’ll be able to get a better idea of whether or not the place is right for you.Some Essential Information for Studying in SpainSpending time in Spain means that you’ll have to adapt to another country and its customs.Spanish food doesn't take much getting used to! (Source: EstudioWebDoce)You may need to do a language level test in order to attend a university. In Spain, Spanish is spoken, even in universities. It’s unlikely that you’ll find classes in English. International students often choose Spain because of the Mediterranean lifestyle and the cheap cost of living. While the minimum wage is a little over €800, this is appropriate to the cost of living.In Spain, you don’t need to be that formal with your teachers at university and you can probably call them by their first name. Simil arly, classes are quite informal and discussion and debate are often encouraged.In Spain, you’ll also need to get used to the food. Each region has its own specialities but one thing that most places will have is tapas. Spanish cuisine is very rich.A siesta may be recommended, especially when some students are just heading to clubs at two in the morning and classes start before nine!There’s also the tuition fees to consider. That said, you can't really put a price on how much you'll learn through cross-cultural immersion. Also, there are study abroad scholarships and the opportunity to intern abroad.Ready to start thinking about studying in Spain?

What is it Like to Attend Rutgers University

What is it Like to Attend Rutgers University The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Nida graduated from Rutgers University with a Bachelors degree in Journalism and Mass Media. She is an Austin tutor who specializes in Essay Editing tutoring, Reading tutoring, Grammar and Mechanics tutoring, and more. Check out her review of her alma mater: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options.How urban or safe is the campus?Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Nida: Rutgers University (New Brunswick,NJ) is a huge campus spanning two towns (New Brunswick and Piscataway) and divided into five college campuses (College Ave, Busch, Livingston, Douglass, Cook). The college is very safe and provides bus transportation within and between campuses. Having a car is a plus, but you will need to pay for a parking permit and spend some extra time every day looking for parking. VT: How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Nida: Although Rutgers is a large university consisting of 44,000 undergraduates, the professors and teaching assistants are always available during their office hours, or outside of office hours by appointment. Academic advisers are available on a walk-in basis during office hours. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Nida: Dorm life at Rutgers is so much fun! Every campus has its own character. College Ave is the most lively campus, with dorms in close proximity to Greek life, grease trucks, several other dining options, as well as off-campus shops and cafes. Busch/Livingston campus is more sprawled out and quieter, and dorms there can really become a home away from home. Cook/Douglass campus feels more like youre in a beautiful countryside location. It is also larger and more self-contained. There are dining halls on every campus with a delicious variety of food; itll be easy to gain that Freshman 15! My personal favorite of all the campuses is College Ave. VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported?What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Nida: Rutgers is a research university, so one might think the Sciences and Social Sciences are best represented and supported. But Humanities also have a strong presence here. I studied Journalism and Mass Media at the School of Communication and Information, and felt that there was a lot of support and resources for my particular area. VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Nida: Its not easy to meet people as a freshman if youre shy, like me. But if youre willing to put yourself out there a bit, and realize that everyones in the same boat as you, youll have no trouble meeting lots of new people. One of the best things about student life at Rutgers is its diversity, with students from all over the world and belonging to so many different racial, cultural, and religious backgrounds. There is a significant Greek life at Rutgers, but I wasnt part of it. VT: How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services?Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Nida: The Career Center is extremely helpful, even to alumni like me, after all these years. Many reputable companies recruit on campus such as Johnson Johnson, Verizon Wireless, Merck, Bristol Meyers Squibb, and many others. VT: How are the various study areas such aslibraries, student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Nida: There are many libraries, dorm lounges, quiet rooms, and student centers at Rutgers. You can always find a space to sit down and relax, study, or have meetings/conferences with other students. The hardest times to find space are during exam weeks, but then other study halls that arent normally available to students after hours, become available. Some places I loved to study: Alexander Library, ARC Computer Lab, and the Quiet Room at the Busch Student Center. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between?To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Nida: Downtown New Brunswick has a few options to entertain oneself, but I did used to wish it were bigger and more diverse. There are some great cafes and restaurants (Harvest Moon, Old Man Raffertys, Tumultys). It has a dynamic theater life (George Street Playhouse, State Theater, Stress-Free Comedy Club). There are a few dance clubs, as well (Perle, Platinum). But the best thing about New Brunswick is the fact that its a 50-minute train ride to New York City. VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Nida: In the early years (freshman, sophomore), class size is big. Size also depends on the popularity of the class, so an Intro to Biology class can be as big as 500 students in a massive lecture hall and the professor speaking through a microphone, or an Intro to Political Science class can be 100 students packed into a big classroom. As you get older and more specialized in your area of study, class size becomes smaller. I had about 20-30 students in my Senior Journalism classes. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Nida: One of my most memorable experiences was with my professor of Creative Writing. She conducted one-on-one conferences with students, even though it was an Intro course. It was during one of these conferences that she shared with me just how talented she thought I was and planted the seeds in my mind of pursuing an MFA in Fiction Writing. Check out Nidas tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

Was the Father of our Nation an Introvert - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Was the Father of our Nation an Introvert - Introvert Whisperer Was the Father of our Nation an Introvert? Before I joined Deloitte in the summer of 1993 I’d spent some years working and studying at the Catholic fortress, University of Dallas. No doubt joining Deloitte was a leap into the global business world, an exciting, new adventure. During orientation, new employees were asked to share personal aspects of their lives. I’ll never forget the last question on the online survey: “Who is your hero?” Confiding in a coworker, I wondered: “Will people think I’m strange if my hero is a U.S. President?” Since I dared not tell a lie, I revealed my hero was (and more than ever still is) George Washington. Its hard to say how or when I came to that conclusion, yet 25 years later the explanation just got a whole lot easier.  Beginning T.H. Breen’s 2016 book, George Washington’s Journey, I was floored by the author’s profile of General and President Washington. In a thoughtful contrast with his contemporaries  ?  the likes of Madison, Hamilton and Jefferson, no less, he says: “Any attempt to transform Washington into a polished conversationalist able to speak knowledgeably at dinner parties about music, philosophy, or literature is a non-starter. He was no Jefferson. Nevertheless, Washington’s painful awkwardness in formal social situations  ?  dinner Personal Branding starts with how well you speak about YOU.  I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my eBook â€" The Definitive Guide to Creating and Using an Elevator Speech.  In this guide, I give you simple to follow instructions for creating a “wardrobe” of ways to talk about you â€" to leave a lasting impression. Get your copy now! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

Private Tutoring Rates for Teaching ICT

Private Tutoring Rates for Teaching ICT How to Decide your Prices for IT Tutor Jobs? Chapters Determine Your Rates by Considering Your Competitors’ Rates The Profitability of Private IT Tutorials Rates in Terms of Geographical Location Your Experience Will also Determine Your Rates Rates Based on the Types of Tutorials Being Offered Bonus: 5 Top TipsSupply and demand influence the price of everything, including private computer courses.Are you considering teaching a computing class privately or online using your computer or laptop and webcam?Or:Are you new to the world of tutoring and wondering how much you should charge for an hour of computer classes?A lot of things need to be taken into consideration. You need to set a fair rate that reflects a number of different factors. You can't charge the same for basic skills or an introductory personal computer literacy class as you would for more advanced classes like helping those studying computer science at university.To decide what the rates for your private IT tutorials should be, here’s some useful advice.Are you about to take the plunge into the world of private tutorials?We’re not asking you to do a comprehensive market study to work out your rates. However, you should have a look around at the rates of similar tutors in your area.Are they teaching typing or how to use Microsoft Office  or OpenOffice? Are they offering lessons about computers or a few internet basics to senior citizens? Do they have the same IT skills as you?Since you're probably going to have to travel, you should consider the cost of travelling. (Source: David Bowman)Generally speaking, whether a student is looking to learn computer basics like using the mouse or programming, they’ll look at the profiles for several different tutors before making a decision. Given that the rates is one of things they’ll consider, you’ll need to offer value for money.Why pay £40 per hour when a similar tutor is offering their services for £25?Put yourself in the shoes of your future student and do a bit of research online. Ever y potential learner will look at your rates.  You can find plenty of examples of other private IT tutors on Superprof whose rates can vary from £15 per hour up to £50 per hour depending on what you’re looking for.With that in mind, look for tutors offering similar classes to you and tutors who live in your area. You probably wouldn’t charge the same amount in London as you would elsewhere in the country and neither would you charge the same for digital literacy for seniors as you would for intermediate lessons.Then there’s the competition... For certain types of tutorials, there are very few tutors around, for others, there are plenty (online computer tutorials, for example). If you’re specialised, you can charge more per hour than a general-purpose tutorial.You should also look at ways to make sure you stand out from the crowd. Whether it’s by the type of tutorial or your teaching methods, find your USP.Follow these top tips for finding students for your IT classes! The Profitability of Private IT TutorialsDetermining your rates doesn’t mean that you have cut your rates. In fact, if you want to make sure that your teaching business is profitable , you’ll have to make sure that you cover the costs of delivering the courses.If you're teaching how to use Microsoft Excel, are you going to stick with Office 2010 or are you going to invest in the latest version?Your rates don’t just depend on what you do with your students. You need to work out your costs and make sure that you’re making a profit (a spreadsheet could be useful, here):Cost of planning tutorials (resources, correcting exercises, etc.)Transport costsJourney timeTaxesMaterials for the lessons (making and formatting a handout, providing ebooks, etc.)Etc.All of these factors are fundamental to deciding the price of a class. You’ll need to work out how much you’re going to charge so that you make a profit doing it.  Keep in mind that this will vary if you’re tutoring as your main source of income or for extra income at the end of every month.If you’re teaching full-time, then you should keep in mind that your students mightn’t be available during the day. You’ll have to plan around this and make sure that you’re working when you can. By giving tutorials in the evenings and the weekends, during the school holidays, or over webcam during breakfast, you can maximise your earnings. Your students will probably have something else to do during the day (school or work) and you’ll have to account for that.If you're thinking about leaving school teaching, become a tutor with Superprof. Tutoring offers opportunities and  jobs for ex teachers.Your location will drastically affect the rates you can charge. This is where supply and demand comes back into it. In big cities, there are usually more people offering a class than there are in rural areas. However, there are also more potential customers in the big cities.  Generally speaking, the rates are higher in London than they are elsewhere in the country.Find out what qualifications you need to become an IT tutor!You're probably going to find the highest rates in London. (Source: pixabay.com)Put simply, the cost of living is much higher in London than other cities and towns. Anyone from outside of London will know how much more expensive it can seem when you visit it. Tutors in the capital will have to consider their transport costs and their elevated cost of living when deciding upon their rates.In this case, you can’t just charge a certain rate because that’s what the competition is doing. You’ll need to make sure that you finish every month having made a profit.  This is where Superprof comes in to help. A quick search will show you how much tutors in the area are charging and what they need to charge to survive.As an example, here are the average rates from a few cities for basic computer tutorials:London: £27Edinburgh: £18Manchester: £17Of course, there are some cities wit h very few tutors and others with tonnes. As we said, it all boils down to supply and demand.  This is as true for IT tutorials as it is for language lessons and learning to sing.Discover fantastic opportunities for tutoring jobs London through Superprof! Your Experience Will also Determine Your RatesNow that you’ve worked out what the competition is doing and the average rates, you’ll need to compare yourself to them. You’ll see that when it comes to experience and that every private tutor is different. There are plenty of different backgrounds:Self-taught tutors who love working with computersIT students wanting to earn a little extra each monthA professional boosting their monthly incomeFreelancers working in web design or graphics and teaching during their free hoursIT expertsQualified and experienced private tutors (be sure to mention any certification you may have)You’ll need to work out where you sit in terms of your skills and experiences. You’ll need to also put t ogether a solid profile that shows off said skills and experience:The IT training you haveThe sectors you’ve worked inYour teaching experienceEtc.The level often dictates the price. (Source: pixabay.com)It’s important that you can justify the rates you charge with your experience and formal training. This will help you convince potential students that you’re the right choice.After a few years of gaining experience, you can consider increasing your rates. The same goes for once you’ve completed certain qualifications. Rates Based on the Types of Tutorials Being OfferedGenerally speaking, the more advanced the student, the higher their tutorials will cost.  The more knowledge a tutor requires, the more experience they’ll have and the more they’ll expect to be paid.Students pay a premium for having a dedicated tutor who plans their lessons according to their needs. This also means that the tutor needs to be a quality educator. Whether you're teaching seniors how to use a co mputer or software engineering to students on computer science courses, all the computer knowledge in the world isn't worth anything if you lack basic teaching skills.This makes a lot of sense. You wouldn’t charge the same for a tutorial on how to browse the net as you would for an in-depth course on computer programming.  Discover also how to create an IT course lesson plan...You’ll have to adjust your rates based on the types of skills being taught and concepts covered:Academic support for GCSEs and A LevelsComputer technology and computer hardwareComputer training for adults or an introduction to computers for senior citizensCybersecurity tutorialsDatabase management in Microsoft AccessNetwork administrationBasic computer skills and office training such as Word processing with Microsoft word and creating presentations with Microsoft PowerPointApp development lessonsHelp with IT undergraduate degreesEtc.If travelling costs are getting too high, consider having your tutorials i n interesting places. (Source: rawpixel.com) Bonus: 5 Top TipsIf you want to offer attractive and profitable rates for your tutorials, you should take these 5 tips into consideration:Offer a free computer class to every new student: this is a good opportunity to get to know the potential student, work out what type of services they’ll need, and your chance to see if they like you as an instructor.Offer courses lasting longer than an hour:  this means you travel less per tutorial and save time on planning.Offer discounts for loyal students: the more lessons a student books, the less they pay per hour. This also helps with long-term planning as you know when you’re seeing the student and how often you’ll see them.Offer booster tutorials over webcam:  this is a way to save money on travelling and means you can teach students around the world at any time of the day.Give group tutorials: you can offer a reduction per person while increasing your overall revenue.Once you’ve worked out your rates, you can start teaching your private IT tutorials. You should make sure that you provide a tailored service for each of your students. After all, that’s why they want a tutor and not to spend time in a typical classroom.If you've got a student who wants to learn how to use the internet, for example, you should also check out the basics of planning IT tutorials for beginners.

A Guide to Exercise Classes and Personal Training

A Guide to Exercise Classes and Personal Training A to Z of Fitness Training with a Personal Trainer ChaptersWhat is Personal Training?Health and Fitness Coaching: A Brief HistoryThe Future of Personal TrainingHow the Internet has Changed the World of Personal Sports CoachingWhether it’s for high-level athletes or complete newbies to the fitness industry, training programs should always be designed with the athlete’s needs and goals in mind.Tailored exercise programs which are adapted to the physiology and fitness goals of the athlete in training give them a higher chance of success.With the added accompaniment of a one to one personal trainer, they can make steady and sustainable progress in whichever area they choose to work on.Regardless of the end goal, whether it may be getting in shape, losing or gaining weight, or gaining muscle mass with resistance training and a specialised fitness nutrition plan, program design is centred around the body composition and ability of the client, which is found using a fitness assessment.But how did personal training come about? What makes it so popular and what does the future hold for one to one fitness instructors?This article should tell you all you need to know about personal training! CalumDrama School Entrance Teacher 5.00 (15) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OliviaSchool support Teacher 5.00 (2) £21/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkESOL (English) Teacher 4.76 (17) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YuweiChinese Teacher 4.33 (6) £19/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JenniferMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouiseAutoCAD Teacher 5.00 (3) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RickyPercussion Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolasGuitar Teacher 5.00 (2) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamOrganic chemistry Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JonathanEconomics Teacher 5.00 (9) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Oluwakemi imoleMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamSinging Teacher 5.00 (14) £48/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ValentiniMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (2) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MilenaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RashmiEconomics Teacher 5.00 (1) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat is Personal Training?To better understand what a personal trainer does as a fitness specialist and private sports coach, let’s have a look at the etymology of the word ‘coach’.The English word, ‘coach’, comes from the Old French word ‘coche’, which was used to describe a horse-drawn carriage.So how does this relate to fitness coaching?If you think about the nature of horse-drawn carriages, they are pulled forward by the animals, just as a personal fitness trainer ‘pulls’ (or more commonly ‘pushes’) their client to take their training to the next level and achieve their objectives.The word ‘coach’ was used in a sporting context for the first time in 1860, and has since spread beyond the English-speaking world to become widely used on an international scale!So, a coach, according to Merriam-Webster, is:a private tutorone who instructs or trainsone who instructs players in the fundamentals of a sport and directs team strategyIt’s quite hard to give ‘coach’ a specific definition, simply because even the idea of ‘sports coaching’ is incredibly broad.Find a personal trainer who can push you to sporting success ¦ source: Pixabay - RaphiDSports coaching can take place in a one on one situation, in a group fitness session, at home, or at the gym!Each type of coaching has its own advantages:One on One Coaching gives you the opportunity to have a personalised training program which is made with you in mind. So, if you want to concentrate on sports conditioning, toning those abs or you need to work on your cardio endurance for a big race, you just need to let your coach know!Group Training is a rewarding motivator. If you’re looking to lose some weight, improve your yoga flexibility or you want to work on your muscular strength, attending group fitness classes will give you the opportunity to meet like-minded people with similar goals. You’ll be able to make new friends and keep each other motivated!In-Home Coaching is perfect for busy mums or if your career doesn’t give you a lot of free time. Without the need to travel to and from the gym, you’ll save bags of time and have all the benefits of personal training at the gym!Personal Training Sessions at the Gym demands a bit more motivation since you have to get yourself dressed and out of the house â€" but it’s perfectly doable! Training at the gym, with or without an accredited fitness professional by your side, puts you in charge of your own fitness career. You’ll need to take more responsibility when it comes to sticking to your functional training plan as you will be responsible for turning up to the gym on time. However, it’s not as difficult as it seems. The hardest part really is leaving the house. Once you’ve arrived at the gym, you’ll know exactly what you need to do.When it comes to making a decision on a health and fitness coaching, taking your needs, goals and financial situation into account, the choice is yours!Health and Fitness Coaching: A Brief HistoryAs we mentioned earlier, ‘coaching’ in the context of sports and exercise entered common use in the 1860’s, but how recent is personal training for amateur athletes?Although the terms ‘fitness’ and ‘personal training’ are relatively new, this doesn’t mean that exercise itself is a new invention!Let’s start from the beginning, with prehistoric man.Did they follow a personal training program to increase their muscle mass?In a way, yes, they did!But obviously, this was not considered to be ‘training’ or ‘preparation’ for a competition. In fact, it was about becoming stronger and more skilled to increase their chances of survival.So, even the earliest humans had to run, jump, climb and fight to be able to eat, drink and simply survive.The earliest training programs appeared with the earliest known wars. The Persians and the Romans, for example, imposed drastic physical preparation on all young men in their forces in order to win battles and conquer new territories.The Olympic Games were born in ancient times and were organised by the Greek cities in honour of Zeus, the god of sky and thunder.In the Middle Ages, it was normal to not pay so much attention to your body, as dedicating yourself to the spirit was the preoccupation of the time. The Renaissance saw the publication of the first works entirely dedicated to sport and training.It’s the Industrial Revolution that witnes sed the beginnings of fitness training as we know it today. Of course, as the machines took over more and more of the manual tasks, workers moved into offices and sedentary lifestyles began to creep in. For this reason, it was necessary to find a different way of moving.Thousands of years on and the Olympics is still here! ¦ source: Pixabay - diego_torresGym equipment and training machines started to appear on the market and exercising at the gym became a leisure activity enjoyed by many.The 20th century saw the true launch of the fitness industry, when chains of gyms and fitness clubs began appearing and more and more people began their journeys to a healthier life.The Future of Personal TrainingWe’d like to imagine that fitness culture had got past 1980’s-style aerobic workout videos.Today, with the phenomenon of the World Wide Web, social networking and fitness apps, it’s possible to do Pilates, dance and bodyweight workouts just about anywhere!But what does the future hol d for the world of health and fitness?It’s impossible to precisely predict the future, but there are new developments which can give us a clue.With the emergence of CrossFit, the return of toning muscles is more evident than ever.The difference between this practice in earlier days and now is that today, women are more widely represented in sport, and this is encouraging more women to participate and get fit.CrossFit can be practised as a couple or as a group, which will keep you motivated and help you sculpt your ideal body.So, should we expect a comeback for bodybuilding? Maybe not, but what is certain is that muscle toning is gaining popularity among athletes of all ages and backgrounds.However, large gyms and health clubs with lots of complex machines can be intimidating to a lot of athletes, and this is the reason why so many people prefer more modest fitness clubs.So, larger gyms are predicted to lose profits, but will they disappear for good? We can’t say yet, but as long as they continue to listen to their clientele, they should be able to keep up with the changing industry and continue to flourish.And what about personal trainers?With workout culture thriving on social networks, it is becoming easier to create communities of like-minded people working towards their fitness goals.One example of this is Strava, a workout-tracking app which is particularly useful for logging running, cycling and swimming.On Strava, you can follow other users who cover the same courses as you, or even just follow your friends.Every time you complete a workout, you can share it to your feed, and your followers give you ‘Kudos’, keeping you proud of your achievements and motivated to carry on.Many run clubs across the country also have their own Facebook pages, where members can post about their training and upcoming sessions.So, if you’re ready to join an online community and keep track of your peers’ progress as well as sharing your own, the tools are there!Ho w the Internet has Changed the World of Personal Sports CoachingThanks to the internet, anyone can have an all-access pass to all sorts of information. You could find information on anything from perfecting your training techniques to post-workout nutrition advice.The web also offers you the opportunity to compare types and prices of personal trainers, and thanks to the high amount of competition, you’ll find that they’re more affordable than you may think!Aside from helping you with real-life sports coaching, the internet can provide distance or digital coaching via webcam or using a workout app.Use fitness apps for complete workouts in your own home ¦ source: Pixabay - photodeinymTo become a personal trainer today and achieve your marketing targets, you have to know how to stand out - customers can choose from a plethora of online coaches, and you need to make sure they choose you!As a coach with an online presence, you should nurture your e-reputation and be ultra-responsive online on:Online platforms such as SuperprofYour own websiteSocial networksIf you’re an aspiring athlete, you will be able to benefit from the amount of competition in the personal training market. This means you can save time and money as well as getting great service!With the internet, it is easier than ever before to keep up-to-date with advancements and trends fitness nutrition and exercise science, so that you can make sure you’re getting the most out of your training.And if that’s not enough, you can also follow workout videos for Zumba, Pilates and yoga for free!Alternatively, look out for 'a personal trainer near me'.